You can start learning about data mining in SQL Server by following tutorials.
https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms167167.aspx?f=255&MSPPError=-2147217396
There is an Excel add-in that makes it easier for you to build models in SQL Server (using data from Excel or SQL).
I would also recommend you to look at Azure ML since Microsoft is no longer investing into data mining in SQL Server and focuses on Azure ML.
Tatyana Yakushev [PredixionSoftware.com]